Apt Manually Installed List
There are many ways to show packages installed manually using apt, such as: apt-mark showmanual But sometimes that output is too much. For example if the user. Debian: Listing all user-installed packages? It also gets a list of all the software I've installed manually from the. (not only apt install or apt-get.
Contents. This article applies to all supported versions of Ubuntu Package management with APT Package management via apt-get runs hand-in-hand with the /etc/apt/sources.list file. For information on editing or updating your sources list see.
Introduction This page describes how to handle the packages on your system using apt-get and related commands. For example, you can install a new package, remove an installed package, or update all installed packages to the latest versions. All these commands except the search commands must be run as root or with superuser privileges, see for more information. Example: sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop Installation commands.
apt-get install This command installs a new package. apt-get build-dep This command searches the repositories and installs the build dependencies for. If the package is not in the repositories it will return an error. aptitude install Aptitude is an viewer of packages installed or available. Aptitude can be used from the command line in a similar way to apt-get. Enter man aptitude for more information. APT and aptitude will accept multiple package names as a space delimited list.
For example: apt-get install. Use the -s flag to simulate an action. For example: 'apt-get -s install ' will simulate installing the package, showing you what packages will be installed and configured.
Auto-apt. auto-apt run This command runs under the control of auto-apt. If a program tries to access a file known to belong in an uninstalled package, auto-apt will install that package using apt-get. This feature requires apt and sudo to work.
Auto-apt keeps databases which need to be kept up-to-date in order for it to be effective. This is achieved by calling the commands auto-apt update, auto-apt updatedb and auto-apt update-local. Usage example. You're compiling a program and, all of a sudden, there's an error because it needs a file you don't have. The program auto-apt asks you to install packages if they're needed, stopping the relevant process and continuing once the package is installed.
# auto-apt run./configureIt will then ask to install the needed packages and call apt-get automatically. If you're running X, a graphical interface will replace the default text interface. Maintenance commands. apt-get update Run this command after changing /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/preferences. For information regarding /etc/apt/preferences, see.
Run this command periodically to make sure your source list is up-to-date. This is the equivalent of 'Reload' in Synaptic or 'Fetch updates' in Adept. apt-get upgrade This command upgrades all installed packages. This is the equivalent of 'Mark all upgrades' in Synaptic. apt-get dist-upgrade The same as the above, except add the 'smart upgrade' checkbox.
It tells APT to use 'smart' conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. 'apt-get dist-upgrade' does not upgrade from a previous version of Ubuntu. For more information of upgrading from a previous version of Ubuntu see. apt-get check This command is a diagnostic tool. It does an update of the package lists and checks for broken dependencies. apt-get -f install This command does the same thing as Edit-Fix Broken Packages in Synaptic. Do this if you get complaints about packages with 'unmet dependencies'.
apt-get autoclean This command removes.deb files for packages that are no longer installed on your system. Depending on your installation habits, removing these files from /var/cache/apt/archives may regain a significant amount of diskspace. apt-get clean The same as above, except it removes all packages from the package cache. This may not be desirable if you have a slow Internet connection, since it will cause you to redownload any packages you need to install a program.
The package cache is in /var/cache/apt/archives. The command du -sh /var/cache/apt/archives will tell you how much space cached packages are consuming.
dpkg-reconfigure Reconfigure the named package. With many packages, you’ll be prompted with some configuration questions you may not have known were there. For example: dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config will present you with a 'wizard' on configuring fonts in Ubuntu. echo ' hold' dpkg -set-selections This command places the desired package on hold. TODO: Bug #42178: This is the same as Synaptic's Package-Lock Version. In order to use this command, the package dlocate must be installed on your system. dpkg -S This command does the same as dlocate, but does not require the installation of any additional packages.
It is slower than dlocate but has the advantage of being installed by default on all Debian and Ubuntu systems. apt-file search This command acts like dlocate and dpkg -S, but searches all available packages. It answers the question, 'what package provides this file?' . apt-file needs to be updated regularly like apt-get. Use the command: apt-file update. In order to use this command, the package apt-file must be installed on your system.
apt-cache pkgnames This command provides a listing of every package in the system. A general note on searching: If searching generates a list that is too long, you can filter your results by piping them through the command grep. Examples:. apt-cache search grep -w will show only the files that contain as a whole word. dpkg -L package grep /usr/bin will list files located in the directory /usr/bin, useful if you're looking for a particular executable. For more information on apt-get, apt-cache and dpkg consult their manual pages by using the man command.
These manuals will provide a wider scope of information in addition to all of the options that you can use with each program. Example: man apt-get. Typical usage example I want to feel the wind in my hair, I want the adrenaline of speed. So let's install a racing game. But what racing games are available? Apt-cache search racing game It gives me a lot of answers. I see a game named 'torcs'.
Let's get some more information on this game. Apt-cache show torcs Hmmm.
It seems interesting. But is this game not already installed on my computer?
And what is the available version? Which repository is it from (Universe or Main)? Apt-cache policy torcs Ok, so now, let's install it! Apt-get install torcs What is the command I must type in the console to launch this game? In this example, it's straightforward ('torcs'), but that's not always the case. One way of finding the name of the binary is to look at what files the package has installed in '/usr/bin'. For games, the binary will be in '/usr/games'.
For administrative programs, it's in '/usr/sbin'. Dpkg -L torcs grep /usr/games/ The first part of the command display all files installed by the package 'torcs' (try it). With the second part, we ask to only display lines containing '/usr/games/'. Hmmm, that game is cool. Maybe there are some extra tracks? Apt-cache search torcs But I'm running out of space.
I will delete the apt cache! Apt-get clean Oh no, my mother asked me to remove all games from this computer. But I want to keep the configuration files so I can simply re-install it later.
Apt-get remove torcs If I want to also remove config files: apt-get purge torcs Setting up apt-get to use a http-proxy These are three methods of using apt-get with a http-proxy. Temporary proxy session This is a temporary method that you can manually use each time you want to use apt-get through a http-proxy. This method is useful if you only want to temporarily use a http-proxy. Enter this line in the terminal prior to using apt-get (substitute your details for yourproxyaddress and proxyport). Export httpproxy=If you normally use sudo to run apt-get you will need to login as root first for this to work unless you also add some explicit environment settings to /etc/sudoers, e.g. Defaults envkeep = 'httpproxy httpsproxy ftpproxy' APT configuration file method This method uses the apt.conf file which is found in your /etc/apt/ directory.
This method is useful if you only want apt-get (and not other applications) to use a http-proxy permanently. On some installations there will be no apt-conf file set up. This procedure will either edit an existing apt-conf file or create a new apt-conf file.
Gksudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf Add this line to your /etc/apt/apt.conf file (substitute your details for yourproxyaddress and proxyport). Acquire::http::Proxy 'Save the apt.conf file.
BASH rc method This method adds a two lines to your.bashrc file in your $HOME directory. This method is useful if you would like apt-get and other applications for instance wget, to use a http-proxy. Gedit /.bashrc Add these lines to the bottom of your /.bashrc file (substitute your details for yourproxyaddress and proxyport) httpproxy=export httpproxy Save the file. Close your terminal window and then open another terminal window or source the /.bashrc file: source /.bashrc Test your proxy with sudo apt-get update and whatever networking tool you desire. You can use firestarter or conky to see active connections. If you make a mistake and go back to edit the file again, you can close the terminal and reopen it or you can source /.bashrc as shown above.
Source /.bashrc How to login a proxy user If you need to login to the Proxy server this can be achieved in most cases by using the following layout in specifying the proxy address in http-proxy. (substitute your details for username, password, yourproxyaddress and proxyport) httpproxy=Useful additional packages.
Package Set To Manually Installed
Additional links. Troubleshooting.